What Is Baclofen?

Baclofen is the generic name for a prescription muscle relaxant with the brand names Gablofen® and Lioresal®. It is most commonly used to treat conditions involving the muscles, such as muscle spasms, muscle pain, and stiffness. It is also used to treat neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy. Recently, Baclofen has also been prescribed to aid in the treatment of substance use disorders; this is considered an “off-label” use, however.

Unfortunately, due to its pain-relieving qualities, the medication eventually became the subject of abuse on its own. When any drug is given to those already more sensitive and susceptible to developing an addiction, the chance for misuse and abuse increases drastically. If users cannot stop taking Baclofen, this can signal dependence. If someone increases their amount against the prescribed dosage, this can also signal a substance use disorder. Lastly, if someone with a Baclofen suddenly stops, there can be an onset of withdrawal symptoms.

Effects Of Baclofen Addiction

Abusing Baclofen, by either taking it in excess or in addition to other drugs and alcohol, can produce a feeling of euphoria (a high similar to that of Marijuana or being drunk). Baclofen users seeking this sensation often mix the drug with Opioids, alcohol, or Amphetamines.  When taken as prescribed, Baclofen has not been found to be particularly addictive. However, as with almost any substance used to induce a “high,” when misused it can become addictive. Over time, the user will need to take more and more of the drug to experience the same sensation as the body begins to develop a tolerance.

Side effects of Baclofen can include:

  • Drowsiness
  • Dizziness
  • Fatigue
  • Headache
  • Insomnia
  • Nausea

More severe side effects of Baclofen abuse include:

  • Weak or shallow breathing
  • Confusion
  • Hallucinations
  • Seizures

Severe side effects of a Baclofen addiction are potentially life-threatening.

There is a high risk of overdosing on Baclofen, especially when used recreationally. Signs of an overdose include muscle weakness, vomiting, drowsiness, dilated or pinpoint pupils, and weak or shallow breathing. If untreated, an overdose can result in possibly fatal seizures. It can also result in hypothermia, a dangerously slow heart rate/bradycardia, coma, and, in some cases, death. Additionally, combining Baclofen with alcohol or other drugs can create more dangerous side effects and increase the rate of overdose.

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Baclofen Withdrawal

People who have previously misused Baclofen report that a tolerance can be developed easily. Withdrawals symptoms are severely uncomfortable and potentially dangerous when not treated by a medical professional.

Baclofen withdrawal symptoms include:

  • Increase in or return of spasticity
  • Itching
  • Low blood pressure
  • Lightheadedness
  • Tingling sensations

When untreated, early symptoms of withdrawal can progress to more severe and unpleasant symptoms. Advanced symptoms include high fever, changed mental status, muscle stiffness, and, in rare cases, the loss of function of many vital organs. Death can occur.

When dealing with withdrawal from Baclofen addiction, it is important to seek the care of medical professionals at a detox facility or addiction treatment center.

Treatment For A Baclofen Addiction

As mentioned earlier, Baclofen is commonly given to those who are receiving treatment for an already-existing addiction. It has been shown to be somewhat effective in treating alcohol withdrawal syndrome and even more successful in the treatment of Opioid dependence. However, many former and struggling addicts quickly find that taking the drug in excessive quantities can produce an addictive high.

Those suffering with substance abuse disorders can opt for inpatient rehab, which provides 24-hour medical supervision, and medication. They have access to group meetings, and sometimes family members are allowed to visit onsite. Outpatient treatment is ideal for patients who want treatment but want to maintain daily commitments. They still have medication available and groups they can attend, but patients will spend less time in treatment.

If a loved one struggling with an addiction or chronic illness has been prescribed Baclofen, ensure they have a strong support system and are provided with strict supervision and monitoring regarding their prescribed dosage. If you or a loved one is struggling from a Baclofen addiction, there is help available. Contact a treatment provider today.

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Author

Natalie Hoeg

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  • Natalie is currently studying political science, philosophy, and sociology at Stetson University and is also a member of the university's Honors Program. Looking to pursue a career in writing and research, she aspires to go on to earn her Ph.D. so that she can educate fellow inquisitive spirits with a passion for learning. When provided with the opportunity to write for Recovery Worldwide, Natalie has found a passion in helping educate the public about substance abuse and help those battling addiction.

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Reviewed by Certified Addiction Professional

Theresa Parisi, CAP

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  • Theresa Parisi is a Certified Addiction Professional (CAP), Certified Behavioral Health Case Manager (CBHCM), and International Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor (ICADC) with over 12 years of experience in the addiction treatment field.

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